Tanzania:
Independence, Revolution, and Unification
Tanganyika:
Under Nyerere's leadership, TANU grew in support, although sometimes with little glue holding it together other than common opposition to British rule
In elections in 1960 TANU gained a majority, and in 1961 Tanganyika received its full independence
Level of unity on mainland Tanganyika was high, although cohesion in TANU was weak
Zanzibar
Ethnic
tensions, revolution, and unification with Tanganyika
British
treated Zanzibar as an Arab state under protectorate of UK though those of Arab
descent were a minority
In complicated maneuverings which
pitted African party against Arab and Shirazi party, Britain granted independence
in 1963 to Zanzibar under Arab-Shirazi rulers loyal to the Sultan
Revolution
in 1964 led to African rule, deaths of many Arab-Shirazis, forced marriages of
Arab-Shirazi women to Africans, and the flight of the Sultan to UK
Revolution
was led by Kenyan soldier of fortune "Field Marshall" John Okello --
who left Zanzibar soon thereafter [webpage
about the revolution]
Karume becomes President of
Zanzibar
Unification
1964
United
Republic of Tanzania formed 1964
Julius Nyerere President
Karume
one of two vice presidents
Zanzibar retained considerable
autonomy, source of tensions in Tanzania in later years
