Orientation for East Africa Program
Lewis and Clark College
Spring 2006
Richard Peck

TANZANIA

One Hundred Years of Political History in a Flash

Post-Nyerere Era (1) 1985-1995

Nyerere steps down from presidency in 1985, but continues to lead the ruling party Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM -- "Revolutionary Party"), campaigns for his chosen successor, Ali Hassan Mwinyi

Zanzibar's Ali Hassan Mwinyi wins 1985 elections.

  • Moves toward less socialist, more pragmatic approach (highly controversial)

  • Gives in to IMF/World Bank conditionalities of "Washington Consensus" style -- eliminating price controls, import restrictions, and consumer subsidies while encouraging spending cuts and currency devaluation.

  • Financial aid increases, but Tanzanian shilling nosedives

1990 Mwinyi reelected president; Nyerere resigns as CCM chairman.

1992 Mwinyi signs bill allowing multiparty elections, held October-November 1995

1994 Rwandan genocide leads to waves of refugees into Tanzania -- eventually reaching around 535,000 refugees, more than hosted by any other country in the region

[A good site giving background on Rwandan genocide--for PBS special "The Triumph of Evil"]
Welcome Page (Karibuni Nyote)
Kenya Index
I.  Kenya Precolonial Patterns II.  Kenya Imperialism III.  Kenya White Man's Country IV.  Kenya The Struggle for Independence V.  Kenya Post-Colonial Settlement 
VI.  Kenya The Kenyatta Years VII.  Kenya The Moi Years VIII.  Kenya: Kibaki 
Tanzania Index
I. Pre-Colonial Tanganyika, Pre-colonial Zanzibar II. Colonial period (East Africa Campaign) III. Independence, Revolution in Zanzibar, Union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar IV. The Nyerere Years (Ujamaa vijijini) V. The Mwinyi Years VI. The Mkapa Years VII. The End of the Mkapa years and election of Kibwete
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Useful Links  Swahili Recipes

Lewis and Clark College, Portland, Oregon
Created by Richard Peck
A minor update made on February 1, 2008